Permaculture companion plants for Garlic

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Name	Data	Description	Actions
Apricot	USDA Hardiness zone 4-8 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Leaves Deciduous Height 9.0 Layer Trees Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Wildlife habitat Edible true Edible parts Fruit, Seed Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_armeniaca Growth Medium Family Rosaceae German name true Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus armeniaca Native to China North-Central, China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Manchuria, Qinghai, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang Introduced into Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, California, Central European Rus, Colorado, Corse, Cyprus, East European Russia, East Himalaya, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Iran, Italy, Kansas, Korea, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Morocco, New Mexico, New South Wales, North Caucasus, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Portugal, Queensland, Romania, Sardegna, South Australia, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, Yugoslavia Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:729463-1	The apricot is a tree native to China and Central Asia. It typically grows to be about 20-30 feet tall and has a spreading, round canopy. The leaves are oval-shaped and about 2-4 inches long, with a serrated edge and a glossy green surface. The flowers are white or pink and have five petals. The fruit is a drupe, similar in appearance to a peach, with a smooth, orange skin and a fleshy interior. Apricots are known for their sweet flavor and are often used in jams, jellies, and other preserves. The fruit can also be eaten fresh or dried. The seed, or pit, of the apricot contains a small amount of cyanide and should not be eaten. Apricots prefer a warm, sunny climate and well-draining soil. They are sensitive to frost and can be damaged by cold temperatures. To successfully grow apricots, they should be planted in an area with full sun exposure and watered regularly. Apricots have a number of uses beyond their delicious fruit. The wood of the tree is often used for smoking meats, and the leaves can be used as a natural insecticide. In traditional medicine, apricot oil has been used to treat a variety of ailments.	Show Edit
Chervil	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chervil Edible true Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade, Full shade USDA Hardiness zone 6-9 Alternate name Garden chervil Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Apiaceae or umbelliferae Height 0.5 German name Echte kerbel Edible parts Leaves, Root Life cycle Biennial Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anthriscus cerefolium Native to Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia Introduced into Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Chile Central, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Victoria, Washington Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:40487-1		Show Edit
Sweet cherry	USDA Hardiness zone 3-7 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 18.0 Layer Trees Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Hedgerow, Wildlife habitat Edible true Edible parts Fruit, Seed Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_avium Growth Fast Alternate name Sweet cherry Family Rosaceae German name Süßkirsche Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus avium 1000 Seed Weight (g) 183 Native to Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Krym, Libya, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Introduced into Arizona, Baleares, Baltic States, British Columbia, California, Central European Rus, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Korea, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Australia, South Carolina, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Tennessee, Turkmenistan, Utah, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wyoming Width 3 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30093848-2	The sweet cherry, Prunus avium, is a fruit-bearing tree that is native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. It typically grows to a height of 15-30 feet, with a spread of 20-25 feet, and has a rounded crown. The leaves are oblong-shaped, with serrated edges and a glossy dark green color. The flowers are white or pale pink, with five petals, and appear in clusters in the spring before the leaves. The fruit, which is the sweet cherry, is a small, round drupe, with a smooth, dark red or black skin and a juicy, sweet flesh. In terms of growing conditions, the sweet cherry prefers well-drained, fertile soil and full sun exposure. It can be grown in a variety of climates, but may require protection from frost in harsh climates. To cultivate the sweet cherry successfully, a grower may need to prune the tree to maintain its shape, provide adequate water and fertilizer, and protect the tree from pests and diseases. The sweet cherry is edible and can be eaten fresh or used in a variety of culinary dishes. The fruit can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days or preserved by freezing or canning. The sweet cherry is also valued for its medicinal properties, as the fruit and leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. In terms of its value for wildlife, the sweet cherry provides food for a variety of animals, including birds, squirrels, and other small mammals. It also provides shelter and habitat for these animals.	Show Edit
Sour cherry	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_cerasus Edible true Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 3-7 Layer Trees Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Rosaceae Height 6.0 German name Sauerkirsche Edible uses Oil, tea Edible parts Fruit, Seed Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Hedgerow, Wind breaker, Wildlife habitat Life cycle Perennial Leaves Deciduous Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus cerasus Native to North Caucasus Introduced into Afghanistan, Alaska, Argentina South, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Central European Rus, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Korea, Madeira, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Poland, Portugal, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:729574-1		Show Edit
Peach	USDA Hardiness zone 5-9 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 6 Layer Trees Edible true Edible parts Flowers, Fruit, Seed Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peach Growth Fast Alternate name Flowering peach, ornamental peach, common peach Family Rosaceae German name Pfirsich, bergpfirsich, tellerpfirsich, saturnpfirsich, weinbergpfirsich Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus persica Native to China North-Central Introduced into Afghanistan, Alabama, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Baleares, Bulgaria, California, Cape Verde, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cyprus, Delaware, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Florida, France, Free State, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Libya, Louisiana, Maine, Marianas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, North Carolina, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Portugal, Queensland, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Romania, Réunion, Sardegna, South Australia, South Carolina, South European Russi, St.Helena, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tennessee, Texas, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin Width 3 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1212858-2	The peach, scientifically known as Prunus persica, is a deciduous tree native to northwest China. It typically grows to be about 10-30 feet tall, with a short trunk and a rounded crown. The leaves are oval-shaped, with serrated edges and a glossy, dark green color. The flowers are pink and white, with five petals each. Peaches are known for their fuzzy, peach-colored skin and juicy, sweet flesh. They can be eaten fresh, canned, or cooked into dishes such as pies and cobblers. The edible parts of the peach include the flesh and the seed, which contains a small kernel that can be ground into flour. Peaches can be stored after harvest by keeping them in a cool, dry place. Peaches prefer well-draining, loamy soil and full sun. They can be grown in a variety of climates, but do best in warm, temperate regions. To cultivate peaches successfully, growers may need to provide support for the trees, prune them regularly, and protect them from pests and diseases. Peaches are generally winter hardy, but can be damaged by frost. In addition to being eaten fresh, peaches have a variety of uses. The flowers can be used in herbal teas, and the leaves can be used to make a yellow dye. The wood of the tree can be used for smoking meat, and the kernels can be used to make oil. Peaches are also a valuable food source for wildlife, attracting birds, squirrels, and other animals.	Show Edit
Nectarine	USDA Hardiness zone 4-8 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 6.0 Layer Trees Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Hedgerow, Wildlife habitat Edible True Edible parts Flowers, Fruit, Seed Family Rosaceae German name Nektarine Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus persica nucipersica Dutch name Nectarine Danish name Nektarin Width 3	Nectarine (Prunus persica nucipersica) is a plant that is a type of stone fruit. It is native to China and is closely related to the peach. Nectarines are similar in appearance to peaches, but have smooth skin rather than fuzzy skin. They can range in size from small to large and are typically round or oval in shape. Nectarines have green or red leaves and white or pink flowers. The stems of the plant are generally thin and have thorns. Nectarines can grow to be quite large, reaching heights of up to 8 meters. They grow best in warm, sunny climates and well-drained soil. To cultivate nectarines successfully, a grower will need to provide the plant with plenty of sunlight and water. They may also need to prune the plant to maintain its shape and encourage new growth. Nectarines are edible and the fruit can be eaten fresh or cooked. The edible parts of the fruit can be stored in a cool, dry place after harvest. Nectarines have several uses. In addition to being eaten fresh or cooked, they can also be used to make jams, jellies, and other preserves. They can also be dried and used as a snack. In addition to their culinary uses, nectarines have been used medicinally for their high vitamin and mineral content. They are also valued for their ability to attract wildlife, such as birds and bees, to the garden.	Show Edit
Lavender	USDA Hardiness zone 5-8 Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Dry, Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Evergreen Height 1.2 Width 0.6 Life cycle Perennial Layer Shrubs Growth Slow Utility Attracts insects, Hedgerow, Wind breaker Edible true Edible parts Flowers Alternate name True lavender German name Lavendel Family Lamiaceae or labiatae Native to France, Italy, Spain Introduced into Austria, Bulgaria, East Aegean Is., Germany, Krym, Marianas, New York, Tunisia, Venezuela, Vermont, West Himalaya Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lavandula angustifolia Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:449008-1 Medicinal True Nitrogen Fixing No Nitrogen Usage Light	Lavender, also known as Lavandula angustifolia, is a flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. It is a small shrub with silvery-gray leaves and violet-blue flowers that bloom in the summer. The plant typically grows to a height of about 30-80 cm and has a strong, fragrant aroma. In terms of growing conditions, lavender prefers well-drained, sandy soil and full sun. It can be grown in pots or in the ground, and should be watered regularly but not overwatered. To cultivate lavender successfully, a grower should ensure that the plant receives plenty of sunlight and water, and should trim the plant regularly to promote healthy growth. Lavender has a number of uses, both culinary and medicinal. The flowers and leaves of the plant can be dried and used in a variety of dishes, such as lavender shortbread or lavender lemonade. The essential oil of lavender can also be used in aromatherapy and has a number of medicinal properties, including the ability to soothe anxiety and promote relaxation. In terms of its value for wildlife, lavender provides nectar for bees and other pollinators, and can be a valuable addition to a garden that is looking to support local wildlife. Overall, lavender is a versatile plant that is prized for its fragrant flowers and useful properties.	Show Edit
Rosemary	USDA Hardiness zone 6-11 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Dry, Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Leaves Evergreen Height 1.5 Layer Herbs Utility Attracts insects, Hedgerow Edible true Edible parts Leaves Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary Growth Medium Family Lamiaceae or labiatae German name true Alternate name Rosmarinus officinale, rosmarinus officinalis Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rosmarinus officinalis Native to Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia Introduced into Azores, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Germany, Great Britain, Kriti, Krym, Madeira, Mexico Central, Mexico Southwest, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago Width 1.2 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:457138-1	Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is a woody, perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is an evergreen shrub that grows to a height of 1-2 meters and has narrow, linear leaves that are about 2-4 cm long and 1-2 mm wide. The leaves are dark green in color and have a strong, pungent aroma. The flowers of rosemary are blue, purple, or white in color and grow in clusters on the tips of the branches. Rosemary prefers well-drained soil and full sun, and it grows best in temperate climates. It can be grown in a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils, but it does not tolerate wet or waterlogged conditions. To cultivate rosemary successfully, the plant should be watered regularly during the growing season and pruned regularly to maintain its shape. Rosemary's leaves are edible and can be used as a seasoning in a variety of dishes. The leaves can be dried and stored for later use, or they can be used fresh. They can also be used to make tea. Rosemary has a number of uses, including as a medicinal herb and as a source of essential oils. It has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including indigestion, headaches, and muscle pain. It has also been used to improve memory and cognitive function. In addition, rosemary has been used as a fertility aid and to improve circulation. Rosemary is not particularly valuable as a food source for wildlife, but it can provide shelter and habitat for a variety of animals. It is often used as a decorative plant in gardens and landscaping.	Show Edit
Rose	USDA Hardiness zone 2 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Leaves Deciduous Layer Shrubs Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Hedgerow, Wind breaker, Wildlife habitat Edible True Edible parts Fruit Family Rosaceae Native to Zambia Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77120313-1 Width 1		Show Edit
Tomato	USDA Hardiness zone 10-12 Life cycle Annual, Perennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 2.0 Edible True Edible parts Fruit, Seed Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato Growth Fast Alternate name Garden tomato, Dumádu, Garden tomato, Love apple, Lycopersicum esculentum, Tomate, Tomato, Tomato extract containing lycopene, Tomato\|thakkali, Tumatis, Lycopersicon esculentum Family Solanaceae German name Tomate Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Solanum lycopersicum, https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lycopersicon esculentum Propagation - Transplanting Start seeds indoors 5-6 weeks before last frost Propagation - Direct sowing In containers or in rows in beds around last frost date Soil pH 6.2-6.8 Germination temperature 70-80°f Native to Peru Introduced into Alabama, Alaska, Andaman Is., Angola, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burkina, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chagos Archipelago, Chatham Is., Christmas I., Colombia, Comoros, Connecticut, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Fiji, Florida, Galápagos, Georgia, Gilbert Is., Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Korea, Laccadive Is., Laos, Leeward Is., Line Is., Louisiana, Madagascar, Madeira, Maine, Malawi, Mali, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nebraska, Nepal, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New York, New Zealand North, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niue, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Réunion, Saskatchewan, Selvagens, Society Is., South Carolina, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Wake I., Wisconsin, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe Width 1.00 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316947-2	The tomato is a flowering plant native to South America. It is a member of the nightshade family and closely related to the potato. The tomato plant typically grows to a height of 1-3 meters and has a weak, hairy stem. The leaves are arranged alternately on the stem and are typically dark green in color. The plant produces small yellow or white flowers, which develop into the fruit we know as tomatoes. The fruit itself is typically red, but can also be yellow, orange, green, or purple. Indeterminate tomato plants are perennials in their native habitat, but are cultivated as annuals. Determinate, or bush, plants are annuals that stop growing at a certain height and produce a crop all at once. Tomatoes prefer warm, sunny growing conditions and well-drained, humus-rich soil. They can be grown in a variety of soil types, but perform best in soil with a pH between 6 and 6.8. In order to cultivate tomatoes successfully, growers may need to provide support for the plant (such as a stake or cage) to prevent the fruit from weighing down the stem, and may also need to water and fertilize the plant regularly. Tomatoes are generally considered to be frost-sensitive, so in areas with cold winters they may need to be grown in a greenhouse or indoors. There are a great number of cultivars. The edible parts of the tomato plant are the fruit and the leaves. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, and is commonly used in a variety of dishes, such as salads, sandwiches, and pasta. The leaves, although not commonly eaten, are also edible and have a slightly bitter taste. After harvest, tomatoes can be stored at room temperature, in a cool place, or in the refrigerator.	Show Edit
Potato	USDA Hardiness zone 3-10 Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 1.0 Width 0.5 Life cycle Perennial Spacing 12 inches Propagation method Seed - direct sow When to sow (outdoors) April Edible parts Root Alternate name Irish potato, Andigena German name Kartoffel Family Solanaceae Native to Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Bolivia, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Introduced into Assam, Bangladesh, Belgium, Dominican Republic, East European Russia, East Himalaya, France, Great Britain, Haiti, Hawaii, Illinois, India, Ireland, Laos, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, South European Russi, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Zaïre Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Solanum tuberosum Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:821337-1	Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a herbaceous perennial plant that is native to the Andean region of South America. It is a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and is closely related to other nightshades such as tomatoes, eggplants, and bell peppers. The potato plant has a bushy growth habit and can grow to heights of 30-150 cm depending on the variety. The leaves are large, heart-shaped, and alternate along the stem. The flowers are white or purple and have five petals. The plant produces small green berries that contain numerous seeds, but most varieties of potatoes are propagated vegetatively from tubers rather than from seeds. The edible part of the potato plant is the tuber, which is an underground stem that is modified for food storage. Potatoes come in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and colors including white, yellow, red, and purple. The size and shape of the tuber depends on the variety, with some varieties producing small, round tubers and others producing large, elongated tubers. Potatoes grow best in well-draining, fertile soils in a sunny location with a pH of 4.5-6.0. They require regular watering and should be planted in a location with good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. Potatoes are typically planted from tubers that have been treated with a fungicide to prevent disease and are spaced 25-30 cm apart in rows that are 75-90 cm apart. The tubers will begin to form in the soil around 6-8 weeks after planting and can be harvested when they reach the desired size. Potatoes are a versatile and nutritious food source that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber. The tubers are eaten cooked, baked, fried, or mashed, and the leaves and flowers of the plant can also be eaten. Potatoes can be stored in a cool, dry, and dark place for several months. Potatoes have a number of uses beyond their value as a food source. The tubers can be used as seed potatoes for planting, and the leaves and stems can be used as a natural insecticide or as mulch in the garden. In some parts of the world, potatoes are also used for their medicinal properties. Potatoes are a valuable food source for a variety of wildlife, including deer, rabbits, and squirrels. The flowers of the potato plant are also a source of nectar for bees and other pollinators.	Show Edit
Carrot	USDA Hardiness zone 3-10 Life cycle Biennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 1.2 Edible parts Leaves, Root Family Apiaceae or Umbelliferae German name Möhre, Karotte Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Daucus carota sativus Native to Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Central European Rus, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Yugoslavia Introduced into Alabama, Amsterdam-St.Paul Is, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Bangladesh, Brazil South, British Columbia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Hainan, Haiti, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kentucky, Kermadec Is., Korea, Labrador, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Marianas, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Nicobar Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Réunion, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang Width 0.20 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:841063-1	Carrot (Daucus carota sativus) is a type of root vegetable that is native to Europe and Asia. It belongs to the family Apiaceae, which includes around 300 species of plants. Carrots are a popular crop, known for their sweet, crunchy roots and vibrant orange color. The plant has a tall, slender growth habit and can reach a height of up to 2-3 feet. The leaves are green and feathery, and the flowers are small and white or purple in color. To grow carrots successfully, it is important to choose a location with well-drained, sandy soil and full sun. The plant prefers cool temperatures and should be protected from frost. Carrots can also be grown in containers, and will benefit from regular watering and fertilization. The plant is relatively easy to grow and requires little maintenance, but can be susceptible to pests and diseases, such as carrot fly and root rot. Carrots are a valuable source of vitamins and minerals, and are used in a variety of dishes, including soups, stews, and salads. The roots can be eaten fresh or cooked, and can be stored in the refrigerator for several weeks. In addition to their culinary uses, carrots have a number of medicinal properties, and have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including indigestion, constipation, and respiratory disorders. Carrots are also a valuable food source for many types of wildlife, including birds, insects, and small mammals. The flowers attract bees and other pollinators, and the roots are eaten by animals such as rabbits and deer.	Show Edit
Beet	USDA Hardiness zone 4-8 Life cycle Biennial Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 0.9 Edible True Edible parts Leaves, Root Propagation method Seed - direct sow, Seed - transplant When to plant (transplant) 2 weeks before last frost Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/beta_vulgaris Family Chenopodiaceae German name Rübe Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=beta vulgaris craca Soil pH 6.0-6.8 Germination temperature 10°c (50°f) Germination time 5-12 days Seed planting depth 1.5 cm Spacing 20cm Days to maturity 45-65 Alternate name Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Conditiva Group, beetroot When to sow (indoors) 6-8 weeks before last frost When to sow (outdoors) 2-3 weeks before last frost, 6-8 weeks before the first frost Seed viability 2-3 years Width 0.25	Beet (Beta vulgaris vulgaris), also known as garden beet, red beet, or table beet, is a plant that is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a biennial plant that typically grows to a height of 0.5-1.5 feet and has dark green leaves that are long and rounded, with a smooth or slightly hairy texture. The stem is usually light green in color, and the plant produces small, white or yellow flowers. Beet plants grow best in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter, and they prefer full sun to partial shade. To cultivate beets successfully, a grower will need to keep the soil moist and weed-free, and may need to thin the plants to allow for proper growth. Beets are edible, and the most commonly eaten part of the plant is the root, which is typically red or purple in color. The leaves of the plant can also be eaten, and are often used in salads. Beets can be stored after harvest by washing and trimming the roots, and then storing them in a cool, dark place. Beets have a number of uses, both culinary and non-culinary. In the kitchen, beets can be cooked in a variety of ways, including boiling, roasting, and grilling. They can also be used to add color and flavor to salads, soups, and stews. In addition to their culinary uses, beets have a number of medicinal properties and have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including indigestion, constipation, and inflammation. Beets are also valuable for their ability to improve soil fertility, as their leaves and roots contain high levels of nitrogen and other nutrients. They can be used as a natural fertilizer, and can also be used as a mulch or as a ground cover to help control weeds. Beets are not particularly attractive to wildlife, but they can provide food for a variety of animals, including deer, rabbits, and birds. Overall, beets are a versatile and valuable plant that is widely cultivated by gardeners and farmers for their edible roots and leaves, as well as for their potential uses in medicine and agriculture. ### Links [How to Grow Beets @ Harvest to Table](https://harvesttotable.com/how_to_grow_beets/)	Show Edit
Cucumber	USDA Hardiness zone 9-11 Life cycle Annual Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 2 Layer Vines Edible parts Fruit, Leaves Propagation method Seed - direct sow, Seed - transplant When to plant (transplant) 1 week after last frost Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber Family Cucurbitaceae German name Gurke Days to maturity 50-65 Spacing 23cm Soil pH 6.0-6.8 Germination temperature 15-30°C (60-85°F) Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cucumis sativus Medicinal True Medicinal parts Fruit Native to Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, West Himalaya Introduced into Alabama, Albania, Andaman Is., Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Bahamas, Bolivia, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Florida, Georgia, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Illinois, India, Jamaica, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Korea, Laos, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Marianas, Marshall Is., Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Caledonia, New York, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, Ohio, Oman, Ontario, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Pitcairn Is., Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkmenistan, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virginia, Windward Is., Zaïre When to sow (indoors) 2-3 weeks before last frost When to sow (outdoors) 1 week after last frost Width 0.9 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292296-1	Cucumber, scientific name Cucumis sativus, is a member of the gourd family. It is native to India and other parts of Asia. Cucumber is a trailing or climbing plant that grows to a height of 5-10 feet. The leaves are dark green and glossy, and the plant produces yellow flowers. The fruit of the cucumber plant is a long, green, edible vegetable with a thin skin. Cucumbers are typically about 6-9 inches long and 2-3 inches in diameter. In terms of growth and cultivation, cucumber plants prefer warm, sunny conditions and well-draining soil. They should be watered regularly, especially during dry periods. Cucumber plants are not winter hardy and should be grown in the summer months in most climates. To cultivate cucumbers successfully, it is important to provide them with adequate space to grow and to support the plants with trellises or other means to keep the fruits off the ground. The plant will develop male and female flowers. You can recognize the female by having a tiny cucumber underneath. Sometimes the plant develops a lot of male flowers first, so be patient. If you don’t see any bees pollinating. Take a male and put it on all the female flowers. Cucumber fruits are edible and can be eaten raw, pickled, or cooked. The skin and seeds of the cucumber are edible, but some people choose to remove the seeds before eating the fruit. Cucumber fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days after harvest. Cucumbers have several uses. In addition to being eaten as a vegetable, they can also be used in a variety of dishes and salads. Cucumber slices are often used as a garnish or as a refreshing addition to beverages. Cucumbers are also commonly used in natural skin care products and are believed to have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. #### Propagation Direct sow when soil is warm enough in early summer. Sow seeds individually indoors 3-4 weeks before planting outside into warm soil. Use bottom heat if possible. Transplant when plants develop third leaf. #### Medicinal Fruit is depurative, diuretic, emollient, purgative and resolvent #### Links [Cucumber @ West Coast Seeds](https://www.westcoastseeds.com/products/patio-snacker)	Show Edit
Apple	USDA Hardiness zone 3-8 Life cycle Perennial Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 10.0 Layer Trees Utility Animal feed, Attracts insects, Hedgerow Edible True Edible parts Fruit Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Malus+domestica Genus Malus Dutch name Appel Danish name Æble Family Rosaceae Native to Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Pakistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang Introduced into Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Central European Rus, Colorado, Connecticut, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Falkland Is., Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kansas, Kentucky, Korea, Krym, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Poland, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Romania, South Carolina, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Tasmania, Tennessee, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yugoslavia Width 9 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726282-1	An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus domestica). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition. Apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. Generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider production. Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production. Worldwide production of apples in 2018 was 86 million tonnes, with China accounting for nearly half of the total. From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple)	Show Edit
Black mulberry	USDA Hardiness zone 5-9 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 10.0 Width 4.5 Life cycle Perennial Layer Trees Growth Slow Utility Animal feed, Poultry forage, Wildlife habitat Edible true Edible parts Fruit Alternate name Mulberry, Morus species German name Schwarze maulbeere Family Moraceae Native to Iran Introduced into Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cuba, Greece, India, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Puerto Rico, Romania, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Windward Is., Xinjiang Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_nigra Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Morus nigra Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:854688-1	The black mulberry (Morus nigra) is a species of mulberry native to southwestern Asia, including Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It is a small to medium-sized tree that grows to be about 20-30 feet tall and has a round, dense canopy. The leaves of the black mulberry are dark green and glossy on the top, and paler and slightly hairy on the bottom. The tree produces small, white flowers in the spring, which are followed by black, juicy fruits in the summer. The black mulberry is relatively fast-growing and can reach its full size in about 10-15 years. It prefers well-drained, fertile soil and full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. It is also winter hardy and can withstand temperatures down to about -10°F. The fruits of the black mulberry are edible and can be eaten fresh or used in jams, jellies, and other preserves. They can also be dried and stored for later use. The leaves of the black mulberry can be fed to silkworms, and the wood of the tree is strong and durable, making it suitable for a variety of uses. In addition to its edible fruits, the black mulberry has several other uses. Its leaves can be used as a natural fertilizer, and the tree can provide shade and wind protection in gardens and farms. The black mulberry is also a popular food source for birds and other wildlife.	Show Edit
White mulberry	USDA Hardiness zone 3-9 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Leaves Deciduous Height 18 Width 13 Life cycle Perennial Layer Trees Growth Medium Utility Animal feed, Fiber, Hedgerow, Poultry forage, Wind breaker, Dye, Wildlife habitat Edible true Edible parts Fruit, Inner bark, Leaves Alternate name Common mulberry German name Weiße Maulbeere Family Moraceae Native to Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaïre Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_alba Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Morus alba Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:547653-1 Warning Weed potential	The white mulberry is a deciduous tree native to northern China, Korea, and Japan. It has large, heart-shaped leaves and small, white or pale pink flowers that grow in clusters. The tree can grow to be quite large, up to 50 feet tall, and it is fast-growing. White mulberry trees can be differentiated from other mulberry trees by their white, rather than dark purple, fruit. White mulberry trees prefer well-draining soil and full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. They are drought-tolerant and can thrive in a variety of soil types. In colder climates, they may need to be protected from frost during the winter months. The fruit of the white mulberry tree is edible and is often used to make jams, jellies, and wines. The fruit can be stored by freezing or canning. Young leaves can also be eaten. White mulberry trees are valued for their fast growth and ability to provide shade. They can be used for wind protection and as a ground cover. The leaves of the tree are sometimes used as animal feed. In some cultures, the bark of the white mulberry tree is used medicinally. Leaves are not frost resistant.	Show Edit
Red mulberry	USDA Hardiness zone 4-9 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 15.0 Width 4.5 Life cycle Perennial Layer Trees Edible true Edible parts Fruit, Leaves Alternate name Common mulberry, white mulberry German name Rote maulbeere Family Moraceae Native to Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin Introduced into Bermuda, New Mexico, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_rubra Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Morus rubra Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:854710-1 1000 Seed Weight (g) 1.5	The Red mulberry, Morus rubra, is native to the eastern United States and Canada. It is a deciduous tree that can grow to a height of up to 80 feet. The leaves are dark green and have a rough texture. The tree produces small, greenish-white flowers in the spring, which develop into clusters of red berries in the summer. The Red mulberry is often differentiated from other mulberry species by its smaller leaves and red berries. It prefers well-drained, moist soil and partial to full sun exposure. It is winter hardy and does not require any special care or maintenance. The fruit of the Red mulberry is edible and can be eaten fresh or used in cooking and baking. The berries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week. The tree also has a number of medicinal uses, including as a laxative and for treating sore throat and bronchitis. In terms of wildlife, the Red mulberry is a valuable food source for a variety of birds and mammals. Its fruit is a popular food source for birds such as robins, mockingbirds, and blue jays. The tree also provides habitat for birds and small mammals.	Show Edit
Onion	USDA Hardiness zone 3-9 Life cycle Annual Light requirement Full sun Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Height 0.6 Layer Herbs Edible parts Bulb, Flowers, Leaves, Root, Seed Propagation method Seed - direct sow, Seed - transplant Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion Alternate name Garden onion Family Alliaceae German name Zwiebel Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium cepa Germination temperature 50°f, 10°c Propagation - Transplanting Seed indoors 6 weeks before transplanting in the garden Spacing 2-6 inches Soil pH 6.0-7.0 Genus Allium Native to Turkmenistan Introduced into Algeria, Argentina Northeast, Arkansas, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bulgaria, California, Cambodia, Canary Is., Central European Rus, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Galápagos, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Illinois, India, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Kansas, Kentucky, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krym, Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Minnesota, Montana, Morocco, New York, Niue, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Oregon, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, South European Russi, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia When to sow (outdoors) Spring or fall Width 0.3 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:527795-1	Onion (Allium cepa) is a plant species in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is native to central Asia and is commonly grown as a vegetable in many parts of the world. Onions are biennial plants, meaning they typically have a two-year life cycle. In the first year, the onion forms a small, rounded bulb with thin, papery skin. In the second year, the onion will produce a tall stem with hollow, elongated leaves and a small, spherical flower head. Onions are typically grown for their bulbs, which are used as a food ingredient in many dishes. The bulbs can vary in size and shape, depending on the variety, but are generally spherical or oblong in shape and range in size from about 2-4 inches in diameter. Onions are commonly differentiated by their color, which can range from white to yellow to red. Onions prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They should be planted in a sunny location and will benefit from regular watering, especially during dry periods. Onion bulbs can be harvested when they reach the desired size, typically after about 100-150 days of growth. To store onions, they should be dried and cured in a cool, dry place for about two weeks before being placed in a mesh bag or other breathable container. Onions are edible and are commonly used as a food ingredient in many dishes. The bulbs are the most commonly used part of the plant, but the leaves and stems can also be used in cooking. Onions have a pungent, spicy flavor and are often used to add flavor to soups, stews, and other dishes. Onions can be stored for several months if properly dried and cured. In addition to their use as a food ingredient, onions have also been used for their medicinal properties. They have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, colds, and respiratory infections. Onions are also sometimes used as a natural fertilizer, due to the high levels of sulfur and other nutrients they contain. Onions are not known to provide significant value to wildlife. They are not a preferred food source for most animals and do not provide any significant habitat value. However, some insects, such as the onion maggot, can be pests of onion crops.	Show Edit
Pot marigold	USDA Hardiness zone 2-11 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Soil pH 5.5-7.0 Height 0.6 Width 0.3 Life cycle Annual Growth Medium Spacing 15cm Germination time 6-14 days Germination temperature 21°c (70°f) Days to maturity 60 Utility Repels nematodes Edible parts Flowers, Leaves, Seed Alternate name Calendula, Common marigold, Scotch marigold, Ruddles German name Ringelblume Family Asteraceae or compositae Native to Spain Introduced into Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Borneo, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Connecticut, Cook Is., Corse, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Hainan, Honduras, Hungary, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kazakhstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madeira, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Hampshire, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northern Territory, Northwest European R, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pakistan, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South Australia, South European Russi, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tasmania, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, Washington, Western Australia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula_officinalis Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Calendula officinalis Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:187894-1 1000 Seed Weight (g) 4.6	The pot marigold, also known as Calendula officinalis, is a flowering plant probably native to southwestern Asia, western Europe, and the Mediterranean region, however, its long cultivation history makes its precise origin unknown. It is a herbaceous annual plant that typically grows to be about 12-18 inches tall, with hairy stems and leaves. The leaves are lance-shaped, with a hairy surface, and the flowers can range in colour from white through yellow and orange to red and even pink. In terms of growing conditions, the pot marigold prefers well-drained soil and full sun, although it can tolerate partial shade. It is winter hardy, but may not flower as profusely in colder climates. To cultivate it successfully, a grower should plant pot marigold seeds directly in the ground after the last frost of the season. The pot marigold has a number of uses, both culinary and medicinal. The flowers are edible and can be used to add color and flavor to salads and other dishes. The petals can also be dried and used to make tea. In terms of medicinal uses, the plant has been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments, including wounds, infections, and skin irritation. The pot marigold is also attractive to a variety of pollinators, making it a valuable plant for attracting beneficial insects to the garden. Overall, the pot marigold is a versatile and easy-to-grow plant that is well-suited to a variety of garden settings. ### Propagation - Direct sow Direct sow in spring when light frost is still possible. Can be sown until early summer for fall blooms. ### Propagation - Transplant Sow indoors in late winter, transplant outside when risk of heavy frost has passed. #### Links [Calendula @ West Coast Seeds](https://www.westcoastseeds.com/products/zeolights-organic)	Show Edit
Rocket	USDA Hardiness zone 6-9 Life cycle Annual Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Dry, Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 0.6 Edible parts Flowers, Leaves Propagation method Seed - direct sow, Seed - transplant Growth Fast Family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae Edible uses Oil Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eruca vesicaria sativa Propagation - Direct sowing in spring Germination temperature 25°C Germination time 1-3 days Propagation - Transplanting start indoors in pots at a depth Alternate name Arugula Dutch name Rucola Width 0.3	Rocket, also known as Eruca vesicaria sativa, is a plant native to the Mediterranean region. It is a small, annual plant that typically grows to be about 20-30 cm tall. It has long, narrow leaves that are a pale green color, and small white or yellow flowers. The plant grows quickly and can be differentiated from similar plants by its unique leaf shape. Leaves can be harvested after 3-6 weeks. Rocket prefers to grow in well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. It likes to grow along tracks, on waste grounds or stony places. To cultivate it successfully, a grower will need to ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged, and will also need to protect the plant from extreme temperatures, especially frost. Rocket is not particularly winter hardy, so it may need to be grown in a greenhouse or indoors in colder climates. Rocket is edible, and both the leaves and the seeds can be eaten. The leaves have a spicy, peppery flavor and can be used in salads or cooked dishes. The seeds ripen from July to September and can be roasted and used as a flavoring for dishes or as a garnish. After harvest, the leaves can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days, while the seeds can be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place for several months. Rocket has several uses beyond its edible parts. It has been used medicinally as a digestive aid and to treat respiratory problems. Rocket is also valuable for wildlife, as it provides food and shelter for a variety of species. Its flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, and its seeds are a source of food for birds	Show Edit