Permaculture companion plants for Western Hemlock

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Name	Data	Description	Actions
Vine Maple	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_circinatum Edible true Growth Slow Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 6-9 Layer Trees Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Aceraceae Height 12.0 Edible parts Sap Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acer circinatum Native to Alaska, British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317375-2		Show Edit
Oregon Grape	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahonia_nervosa Edible true Growth Slow Water requirement Dry, Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade, Full shade USDA Hardiness zone 5-9 Layer Shrubs Alternate name Cascade barberry Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Berberidaceae Height 0.6 Edible parts Fruit, Leaves Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Mahonia nervosa Native to British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington Plants of the World Online Name (Synonym) Berberis nervosa Plants of the World Online Link (Synonym) https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31492-2 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1077279-2		Show Edit
Stink Currant	Edible parts Fruit Layer Shrubs USDA Hardiness zone 6-9 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 2.5 Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes_bracteosum Family Grossulariaceae Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ribes bracteosum Native to Western North America, Alaska, British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington Propagation method Seed - direct sow, Cuttings When to plant (cuttings) mid summer Life cycle Perennial Leaves Deciduous Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30289786-2 Width 1.5	[Ribes bracteosum @ Temperate Plants Database, Ken Fern](http://temperate.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Ribes+bracteosum) #### Propagation - direct sow Sow seed as soon as fruit is ripe in the autumn. Sow with protection from pests. Requires 3 months of cold stratification at 2-5°C. Sow as early as possible. #### Propagation - cuttings Take cuttings of half-ripe wood, 10-15cm long in mid summer.	Show Edit
Red Elder	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_racemosa Edible true Growth Medium Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 3-7 Layer Shrubs Alternate name Red elderberry, rocky mountain elder, european red elderberry, american red elder Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Caprifoliaceae Height 3.0 Edible parts Flowers, Fruit Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sambucus racemosa 1000 Seed Weight (g) 2.3 Native to Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Arizona, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Central European Rus, Colorado, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, East European Russia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Italy, Kentucky, Labrador, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Poland, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tennessee, Ukraine, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yugoslavia, Yukon Introduced into Bolivia, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Kazakhstan, Norway, Sweden Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30056767-2		Show Edit
Salmonberry	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus_spectabilis Edible true Growth Medium Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 4-8 Layer Shrubs Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Rosaceae Height 1.8 Habitat Forest edges Edible parts Flowers, Fruit, Shoots, Stem Utility Hedgerow Life cycle Perennial Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rubus spectabilis Native to Alaska, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington Introduced into Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:223579-2	Rubus spectabilis is a shrub growing to 1–4 m (40–160 inches or 1.3–13.3 feet) tall, with perennial, not biennial woody stems that are covered with fine prickles. The leaves are trifoliate (with three leaflets), 7–22 cm (2.8–8.8 inches) long, the terminal leaflet larger than the two side leaflets. The leaf margins are toothed. The flowers are 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 inches) in diameter, with five pinkish-purple petals; they are produced from early spring to early summer. The berries ripen from early May to late July in most of the Pacific Northwest (later in cooler climates), and resembles a large shiny yellow to orange-red blackberry 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 inches) long with many drupelets. These are eaten by many birds and other animals.	Show Edit
Alaska Blueberry	Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Family Ericaceae Height 1.8 Layer Shrubs Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vaccinium alaskaense Native to Alaska, Alberta, Aleutian Is., British Columbia, Idaho, Japan, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Labrador, Michigan, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Oregon, Québec, Sakhalin, South Dakota, Washington, Yukon Plants of the World Online Name (Synonym) Vaccinium ovalifolium var. ovalifolium Plants of the World Online Link (Synonym) https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77225604-1 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261771-2		Show Edit
Mountain Huckleberry	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_membranaceum Edible true Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 5-9 Layer Shrubs Alternate name Thinleaf huckleberry, mountain bilberry, mountain huckleberry, tall huckleberry, twin-leafed huckleberry, big whortleberry, velvet-leaf huckleberry, globe huckleberry, thin leafed blueberry Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Family Ericaceae Height 1.0 Edible parts Fruit Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vaccinium membranaceum Native to Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Ontario, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:859019-1		Show Edit
Black Huckleberry	USDA Hardiness zone 3-7 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Height 3.0 Layer Shrubs Edible true Edible parts Fruit Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_ovalifolium Alternate name Oval-leaf blueberry Family Ericaceae Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vaccinium ovalifolium Native to Alaska, Alberta, Aleutian Is., British Columbia, Idaho, Japan, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Labrador, Michigan, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Oregon, Québec, Sakhalin, South Dakota, Washington, Yukon Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317273-2	Black Huckleberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium) is a shrub that is native to the Pacific Northwest region of North America, including parts of Canada and the United States. It typically grows to be between 1 and 3 feet tall and has oval-shaped leaves that are dark green in color. The shrub has small, bell-shaped flowers that are white or pink in color, and its fruit is a small, dark purple or black berry. Black Huckleberry prefers to grow in partial shade to full sun, and it prefers well-drained, acidic soils. To cultivate the plant successfully, a grower may need to provide it with regular watering and mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture. Black Huckleberry is winter hardy and can tolerate cold temperatures. The berries of Black Huckleberry are edible and can be eaten fresh off the plant or cooked into jams, jellies, and pies. The berries can also be dried and stored for later use. In addition to its use as a food source, Black Huckleberry has been used for medicinal purposes by Native American tribes. The plant has also been used as a natural dye and has value for wildlife, as the berries are a food source for birds and other animals.	Show Edit
Evergreen Huckleberry	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_ovatum Edible true Growth Slow Water requirement Dry, Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 3-7 Layer Shrubs Alternate name Florist's huckleberry, shot huckleberry, californian huckleberry Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Family Ericaceae Height 2.5 Edible parts Fruit Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vaccinium ovatum Native to British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317276-2		Show Edit
Red Huckleberry	Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_parvifolium Edible true Water requirement Moist Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 5-9 Layer Shrubs Alternate name Red huckleberry, red bilberry, red whortleberry Soil type Light (sandy), Medium Family Ericaceae Height 1.8 Utility Animal feed Edible parts Fruit Life cycle Perennial Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vaccinium parvifolium Native to Alaska, British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317275-2 Width 1	Vaccinium parvifolium, the red huckleberry, is a species of Vaccinium native to western North America, where it is common in forests from southeastern Alaska and British Columbia south through western Washington and Oregon to central California. In the Oregon Coast Range, it is the most common Vaccinium. It occurs mostly at low to middle elevations in soil enriched by decaying wood and on rotten logs, from sea level up to 1,820-metre (6,000 ft). It is a deciduous shrub growing to 4-metre (13 ft) tall with bright green shoots with an angular cross-section. The leaves are ovate to oblong-elliptic, 9-millimetre (0.35 in) to 30-millimetre (1.2 in) long, and 4-millimetre (0.16 in) to 16-millimetre (0.63 in) wide, with an entire margin. The flowers are yellow-white to pinkish-white with pink, decumbent bell-shaped 4-millimetre (0.16 in) to 5-millimetre (0.20 in) long. The fruit is an edible red to orange berry 6-millimetre (0.24 in) to 10-millimetre (0.39 in) in diameter.	Show Edit
Buffalo Berry	USDA Hardiness zone 2-6 Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade Water requirement Dry, Moist Soil type Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay) Height 2.5 Layer Shrubs Growth Medium Edible true Edible parts Fruit Alternate name Russet buffaloberry, canada buffaloberry, soopolallie Family Elaeagnaceae Native to Alaska, Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Labrador, Maine, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Dakota, Northwest Territorie, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Québec, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon Introduced into Vermont Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherdia_canadensis Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Shepherdia canadensis Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323864-1 Nitrogen Fixing Yes Nitrogen Usage None	Buffaloberry is a unique and hardy shrub native to North America, particularly prevalent in the northern United States and Canada. It is notable for its ability to thrive in challenging environments, including poor and alkaline soils, and its remarkable nitrogen-fixing capability, which enhances soil fertility. Buffaloberry plants can grow up to 6 to 18 feet tall, depending on the conditions. It has separate male and female plants, with only the female plants producing fruit. The berries are small, bright red or sometimes yellow, and have a tart, somewhat bitter taste when raw. They are rich in lycopene, an antioxidant, and become sweeter and more palatable after a frost. Buffaloberry is highly valued in permaculture and ecological restoration projects for its nitrogen-fixing ability, which enriches the soil, making it an excellent choice for rehabilitating degraded lands. The berries are an important food source for various wildlife, including birds and bears. In some Native American cultures, buffaloberries hold significant value. The fruits have been traditionally harvested for food and medicinal purposes. They are used in various dishes, including soups and stews, and are sometimes made into jellies and preserves.	Show Edit
Sitka Alder	Edible true Growth Fast Water requirement Moist, Wet Light requirement Full sun, Partial sun/shade USDA Hardiness zone 2-9 Layer Shrubs Soil type Medium, Heavy (clay) Family Betulaceae Height 4.0 Edible parts Flowers Plants For A Future https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Alnus sinuata Native to Alaska, Alberta, Aleutian Is., British Columbia, California, China North-Central, Colorado, Idaho, Japan, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Magadan, Manchuria, Montana, Northwest Territorie, Oregon, Primorye, Sakhalin, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Plants of the World Online Name (Synonym) Alnus alnobetula subsp. sinuata Plants of the World Online Link (Synonym) https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60456397-2 Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:9460-2		Show Edit